The methane sink associated to soils of natural and agricultural ecosystems in Italy

Abstract

In the present work, the CH 4 sink associated to Italian soils was calculated by using a process-based model controlled by gas diffusivity and microbial activity, which was run by using a raster-based geographical information system. Georeferenced data included land cover CLC2000, soil properties from the European Soil Database, climatic data from the MARS-STAT database, plus several derived soils properties based on published algorithms applied to the above mentioned databases. Overall CH 4 consumption from natural and agricultural sources accounted for a total of 43.3 Gg CH 4 yr −1, with 28.1 Gg CH 4 yr −1 removed in natural ecosystems and 15.1 Gg CH 4 yr −1 in agricultural ecosystems. The highest CH 4 uptake rates were obtained for natural areas of Southern Apennines and islands of Sardinia and Sicily, and were mainly associated to areas covered by sclerophyllous vegetation (259.7 ± 30.2 mg CH 4 m −2 yr −1) and broad-leaved forest (237.5 mg CH 4 m −2 yr −1). In terms of total sink strength broad-leaved forests were the dominant ecosystem. The overall contribution of each ecosystem type to the whole CH 4 sink depended on the total area covered by the specific ecosystem and on its exact geographic distribution. The latter determines the type of climate present in the area and the dominant soil type, both factors which showed to have a strong influence on CH 4 uptake rates. The aggregated CH 4 sink, calculated for natural ecosystems present in the Italian region, is significantly higher than previously reported estimates, which were extrapolated from fluxes measured in other temperate ecosystems.