Abstract
A metagenomic approach was used to investigate how the microbial community composition changes when an anammox-based granular sludge reactor is seeded with nitritation-anammox biomass from a wastewater treatment plant. In the seed sample, the abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis was similar to Candidatus Jettenia caeni (12.63 vs. 11.68%). This biomass was typical in terms of microbial nitrogen conversion; both ammonia (Nitrosomonas sp.) and nitrite (Nitrospira sp.) oxidizing bacteria were detected. In the lab-scale reactor, Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis and Candidatus Jettenia caeni bacteria were also present in equal proportions (18.57 vs. 20.89%). On the contrary, Candidatus Nitrospira defluvii bacteria were highly abundant in this reactor, but no known ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were detected. In light of recent studies showing that Nitrospira sp. are capable of complete nitrification, the results presented here may well indicate that both stages of nitrification in the anammox-based granular sludge reactor were performed by this bacteria.
Highlights
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation process is a proved feasible alternative to the conventional nitrification-denitrification for nitrogen removal from anaerobic digester effluents and anaerobically treated industrial effluents
In light of recent studies showing that Nitrospira sp. are capable of complete nitrification, the results presented here may well indicate that both stages of nitrification in the anammox-based granular sludge reactor were performed by this bacteria
In order to determine the impact of FA on the anammox process rate, the NLR supplied to the reactor was gradually increased during the study period from 0.1 to 8.0 kgN m−3d−1
Summary
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is a proved feasible alternative to the conventional nitrification-denitrification for nitrogen removal from anaerobic digester effluents and anaerobically treated industrial effluents. The anammox bacteria are capable of converting ammonium to nitrogen gas (N2) with nitrite as the final electron acceptor in the absence of dissolved oxygen (DO). The deammonification process combines anammox with nitritation for the complete removal of ammonium from high-strength ammonium wastewater (Langone et al 2014). When organic carbon is available, heterotrophic denitrifiers may exist in the deammonification systems and convert the nitrate produced by anammox bacteria (Kumar and Lin 2010). Because the deammonification process is strongly influenced by such factors as temperature, DO concentration, alkalinity, solids retention time, and pH (Zhang et al 2008), the composition of microorganisms responsible for that process may be more complex and variable in comparison with the Bpure^ anammox process
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