The Metabolomic Paradigm of Pharmacogenomics in Complex Disorders

Ramón Cacabelos

doi:10.4172/2153-0769.1000e119

Abstract

The Metabolomic Paradigm of Pharmacogenomics in Complex Disorders

Highlights

Metabolomics represents the networking organization of multiple biochemical pathways leading to a physiological function in living organisms
Diverse metabolomic studies have emerged in medical science to explain physiological and pathogenic events in several disciplines, such as cardiovascular disorders [1], cancer [2], central nervous system (CNS) disorders [3,4] and drug development [5]; where metabolomics clearly depicts a prototypal paradigm of networking activity is in the confluence of multifactorial events responsible for the pharmacogenomic outcome [6]
Most complex disorders share some common features: (i) they are polygenic disorders in which genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors are involved; (ii) some of them follow a golden rule: the higher the number of genes affected, the earlier the onset of the disease, with a faster progression, and a poorer therapeutic response to conventional drugs; and the smaller the number of genes disturbed, the later the onset, with a slower progression and a more favourable therapeutic response to current treatments; (iii) all of them are costly for society, deteriorating the quality of life of sufferers and increasing disability; and (iv) practically, the vast majority of complex disorders are susceptible to pharmacogenomic intervention

Summary

Introduction

Metabolomics represents the networking organization of multiple biochemical pathways leading to a physiological function in living organisms. Personalized therapeutics based on individual genomic profiles implies the characterization of 5 types of gene clusters and their corresponding metabolomic profiles: (i) genes associated with disease pathogenesis; (ii) genes associated with the mechanism of action of drugs; (iii) genes associated with drug metabolism (phase I and II reactions); (iv) genes associated with drug transporters; and (v) pleiotropic genes involved in multifaceted cascades and metabolic reactions [6].

Results

Conclusion