Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a protein synthesis inhibitor produced by the Fusarium species, which frequently contaminates grains used for human or animal consumption. We treated a wheat suspension culture with DON or one of its acetylated derivatives, 3-acetyl-DON (3-ADON), 15-acetyl-DON (15-ADON) and 3,15-diacetyl-DON (3,15-diADON), and monitored the metabolization over a course of 96 h. Supernatant and cell extract samples were analyzed using a tailored LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of DON metabolites. We report the formation of tentatively identified DON-15-O-β-D-glucoside (D15G) and of 15-acetyl-DON-3-sulfate (15-ADON3S) as novel deoxynivalenol metabolites in wheat. Furthermore, we found that the recently identified 15-acetyl-DON-3-O-β-D-glucoside (15-ADON3G) is the major metabolite produced after 15-ADON challenge. 3-ADON treatment led to a higher intracellular content of toxic metabolites after six hours compared to all other treatments. 3-ADON was exclusively metabolized into DON before phase II reactions occurred. In contrast, we found that 15-ADON was directly converted into 15-ADON3G and 15-ADON3S in addition to metabolization into deoxynivalenol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (D3G). This study highlights significant differences in the metabolization of DON and its acetylated derivatives.
Highlights
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by various members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex causing Fusarium head blight on different crop species
We monitored the metabolic fate of DON, 3-ADON, 15-ADON and 3,15-diADON in a Triticum aestivum suspension culture
Afterwards, 200 μL acetonitrile was added and immediately measured with LC-MS/MS. This is the first report on the presence of the masked mycotoxins D15G, 15-ADON3G and
Summary
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by various members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex causing Fusarium head blight on different crop species. DON belongs to the structurally diverse group of trichothecenes which is characterized by a tricyclic. Trichothecenes contain an epoxide at C-12 and C-13, which is essential for its toxicity, based on inhibition of eukaryotic protein synthesis [2]. Uptake of DON causes acute and chronic symptoms including emesis, abdominal distress, growth retardation and immune dysregulation [3,4,5,6]. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reviewed the occurrence of DON in food and feed samples obtained in the European Union between 2007 and 2012.
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