Abstract
The article is devoted to the question of the functional specificity of the mental (psyche, subjective) during the informational activity of neural networks of the brain, which have a physiological (by and large, physical) nature. The understanding of such specificity of the mental is based on the awareness of the inability of physical laws to support the biological and/or social expediency of the brain's informational activity, which it actually carries out. It is also shown that such an idea of the mental, taking into account the features that are revealed here due to its functional and, hence, causal inclusion in the processing of information in the brain, should change the conceptual foundations of psychology and make its practical applications more understandable.
 It was found that the key aspect of psychic activity is the ability of living beings to evaluate anything subjectively, that is, qualitatively (not quantitatively, like a computer). Therefore, subjective assessment is interpreted as an information processing operator in the brain, which ensures the integration of information for the purpose of creating biologically/socially appropriate mental models of the future relations of a living being with the surrounding reality. These mentally active models of the future (goals, plans, ideas) "orchestrate" (determine) the motor acts of a living being based on past experience integrated with subjective assessments in order to change the "world for the better". The functional specificity of the human psyche is also revealed, for which two new terms are introduced, namely, mono-valued psyche and multi-valued psyche. This makes it possible to describe the "mechanism" of human freedom, which unfolds, "contrary" to classical physical ideas, on the background of physical laws and through the activity of the brain. The introduced concepts make it possible to characterize a mentally active person as a living being that most effectively demonstrates causality-from-within as a factor of informational resistance to physical entropy.
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