Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) and the Nordic diet (ND) share more similarities than differences. Both diets are based on typical local and seasonal foods, share similar nutritional recommendations based on plant-based dietary principles, and are both now orienting toward environmental protection and sustainability. The main difference between the two diets is the primary fat source. Olive oil is the synonym for MD while the ND uses more rapeseed/canola oil. While longitudinal epidemiological studies support adherence to MD as a way to prevent chronic diseases, ND still needs more such studies because the current results are discrepant. Notably, studies that assessed the association between both diets and lower risks of chronic diseases, disability, and mortality from specific and all causes, implied that ND could also have an advantageous effect as MD. Hopefully, there will be more longitudinal and large prospective studies in the future that will provide more evidence-based recommendations.
Highlights
In countries around the world, balanced diets that are based on practical, sustainable, and healthpromoting dietary guidelines, which support locally available food, represent typical preventive policies [1, 2]
The Nordic diet (ND) was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and when modeled as a continuous trait
The effects of the ND on major chronic diseases that were examined through three large prospective cohorts in Denmark, Sweden, and Finland resulted in inconsistent outcome
Summary
In countries around the world, balanced diets that are based on practical, sustainable, and healthpromoting dietary guidelines, which support locally available food, represent typical preventive policies [1, 2]. Since the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) predicts that food production will increase by at least 60% by 2050, radical changes in food production and consumption are needed to conserve natural resources for future generations while providing sufficient food for a growing global population [3]. Both the Mediterranean diet (MD) and the Nordic diet (ND) have similar dietary recommendations, are considered to be plant-based, and are oriented toward environmental protection and sustainability. These studies indicate that ND could have as beneficial effects as the MD
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