Abstract
Results of research on development of complex techniques of chemical, petrographic, Xray phase and X-ray diffraction methods of medieval lime mortars studying are presented in the article. 12 samples from New Afon, Abkhazia have been studied. Results of analyses have confirmed estimated dates of the second defense line of Anacopia fortress foundation within 570-580 y., reconstruction of Gate tower in 910 – 930 y. and entrance gate – the 950th y. The analysis of lime mortars from screen church near Anacopia (Akuach’s temple) has given time of 650-680 y. Has been revealed that gate in citadel wall have been constructed at the end of II in AD, western tower of a citadel – 680-690 y., reconstruction of the temple of Feodor has been made in 910-930 y. Data of results of a complex research of lime mortars are supported by the documents of the Roman period (2nd century AD), the Byzantine period of the end of the 6th century, construction activity of Abkhazian archons-tsars in the VII-X centuries. The offered methods of researches allow to reconsider the developed approaches to studying of limy mortars and their dating.
Highlights
One of important tasks of modern history of architecture is dating architectural objects
In total we studied 12 samples from the Anacopia fortress and its suburbs
In the fortress of Anacopia all the researchers distinguish to periods in the building of the circular gate tower, but the researchers date them back to different time periods
Summary
One of important tasks of modern history of architecture is dating architectural objects. Despite the fact that scientific study of ancient building mortars began in year 1930 (Shvetsov, Surovtsov, 1930), medieval lime mortar are still poorly studied. The reason is that, on one hand, there aren’t enough studied samples and, on the other hand, that different methods were used in the process. The latter fact doesn’t let us compare the results with each other. The goal of the research of lime mortars of medieval monuments of Abkhazia was to clarify, with the help of the above mentioned method, the dating put forward by the authors on the basis of historic and architectural research. The results of the study were compared with data from historiography and architectural studies
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