The Medical Management of Ectopic Pregnancy

Abstract

In Brief OBJECTIVE Medical management of an unruptured ectopic pregnancy with intramuscular methotrexate is common and cost-effective. Two treatment protocols, the “single dose” and the “multidose,” have been advocated and independently reported in the medical literature. This analysis systematically compares the success and prevalence of side effects of these two regimens. DATA SOURCES Published data on women with an ectopic pregnancy medically managed were identified using a MEDLINE search from 1966 to 2001 using key words and review of the references of each manuscript. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION Studies were selected based on dosing regimen, number of subjects, and study quality. Data regarding outcome, number of doses administered, side effects, and baseline characteristics were extracted. Data were summarized, and the associations of failed management and the presence of side effects with treatment protocol were calculated. Baseline serum chorionic gonadotropin values and the presence of embryonic fetal actively were controlled for with multivariable logistic regression. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS The overall success rate for women treated with methotrexate for an ectopic pregnancy was 89% (1181 of 1327). The single dose was much more commonly used. The use of single dose was associated with a significantly greater chance of failed medical management than the use of the multidose in both crude (odds ratio [OR] 1.71; 1.04, 2.82) and adjusted analyses (OR 4.74; 1.77, 12.62). The single-dose regimen was associated with fewer side effects (OR 0.44; 0.31, 0.63). Women who experienced side effects were more likely to have successful treatment regardless of regimen. CONCLUSION The multidose regimen is more effective than the single-dose regimen. The “single dose” protocol is associated with a two- to five-fold increase in failure compared with the “multidose” protocol for the medical management of ectopic pregnancy.