The mediating effect of basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration on the relationship between child’s attachment to mother and anger expression style

Abstract

연구목적: 아동의 어머니 애착이 분노표현방식에 영향을 미치는데 있어 기본심리욕구 만족 및 좌절의 매개효과를 검증하고자 한다. 방법: 초등학교에 재학중인 4∼6학년 아동 282명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 25.0과 AMOS 18.0 프로그램을 통해 구조모형 분석을 하였다. 결과: 첫째, 상관분석 결과 주요 변수 간에 유의미한 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 구조모형 분석결과 어머니 애착은 기본심리욕구 좌절을 매개로 역기능적 분노표현방식에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 기본심리욕구 만족 및 좌절을 매개로 기능적 분노표현방식에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 어머니 애착과 분노표현방식과의 관계에서 기본심리욕구가 완전매개 했음을 의미한다. 매개효과의 유의성을 검증하기 위해 부트스트래핑을 실시한 결과 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 아동의 분노표현방식에 기본심리욕구 만족 및 좌절이 중요한 영향력을 가지므로 욕구가 좌절되지 않고 만족될 수 있는 긍정적인 부모자녀 관계 형성을 위한 방안을 모색할 필요가 있다.Objectives: This study, targeting at children, intends to verify the mediating effect of basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration on the relationship between child’s attachment to mother and child’s anger expression style. Methods: Data was collected from 282 children in their 4th and 6th grade attending elementary school using attachment to mother scale, basic psychological needs scale for children, and anger expression scale. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs. Results: First, the result of a correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between major variables. Second, the result of a structural model analysis showed that attachment to mother had a direct influence on basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration, a mediating variable, but it had no influence on anger expression style, a dependent variable. However, it had an indirect influence on dysfunctional anger expression style through basic psychological needs frustration. Besides, attachment to mother had an indirect influence on functional anger expression style through basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration. This suggests that basic psychological needs acted as a perfect mediator in the relationship between attachment to mother and anger expression style. The bootstrapping was conducted to verify the significance of the mediating effect and the result showed that it had a significance. Conclusions: Basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration have an important influence on the child’s anger expression style. Thus, it is necessary to seek measures for establishing a positive parent-child relationship that satisfies the needs without frustration.