Abstract
Oils produced from the Canadian (Wastewater Technology Centre, Environment Canada) sewage sludge liquefaction process, contain mainly straight chain hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids. Oil yields are higher from raw sludges, whereas digested sludges produce lower yields of lower viscosity oils which contain very little carboxylic acid. Hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids distil to the oil with little chemical change, whereas triglycerides are transformed to hydrocarbons presumably by a β hydrogen transfer mechanism. Although oil yields show some correlation with sewage sludge protein content, the oils are predominantly of lipid origin. Surfactant products complicate the complete removal of water from the product. A simple catalytic treatment at reactor temperature results in phase separation of water (less than 1% water in oil) as well as removal of a large fraction of the nitrogen. The low viscosity oil so produced is completely miscible with diesel fuel in all proportions.
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