Abstract
Abstract Gift-giving was, and in many societies still is, one of the key social phenomena. The gifts were more than just goods given to somebody. Economically they represent an important means to procure needed goods. Socially, they expressed relationships between donors and recipients and was among the means for an individual to exercise power over another. The present study is conceived as a first step to understanding the complex problem of gift-giving during the Middle Kingdom. Its main aim is to outline the patterns of royal generosity visible in the Twelfth Dynasty (c.1939–1760 BCE) textual sources and to contextualize them with respect to the general findings of evolutionary psychology and Social Exchange Theory.
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