THE MECHANISMS OF FORMATION OF FOAM GLASS STRUCTURE AS AN EFFECTIVE INSULATOR FOR ENCLOSING STRUCTURES IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

Abstract

Purpose. The article considers the processes of formation of foam glass as insulation, obtaining different types of glass by using different gas generators and modifying additives. Production processes and technological methods for obtaining foam glass products to increase the energy efficiency of buildings and structures in modern architectural design are considered. Methodology. Resource-saving technologies for the production of foam glass in industrial conditions, namely one-stage and two-stage methods of production of foam glass products have been studied. The most effective method of production of foam glass of optimum structure and low density is chosen. The optimal chemical compositions of glasses are determined, according to which the optimal structure and physical and mechanical properties of foam glass for industrial production are formed. Findings. The analysis of different types of gas generators is carried out, their advantages and disadvantages are investigated. It has been established that glass containing sulfur trioxide always gives the highest quality and most homogeneous foam glass, and since SO3 is the cheapest oxidant, its use is appropriate in the production of foam glass. It is established that the higher the fineness of grinding and the purer the carbon will be used, the less it will be needed, and the better will be the appearance of foam glass and lower density and thermophysical properties. Developed modified foam glass based on glass and fly ash has higher compressive strength and lower thermal conductivity compared to foam glass without the use of modifiers, at the same density, and can be recommended for implementation in production by two-stage technology. Originality. The development of research on the formation of the optimal structure, composition and improved physical and mechanical properties of foam glass, made with the use of structure modifiers in the form of fly ash and plasticizers by effervescent industrial technology. Practical value. The results of the work allow in industrial conditions to obtain foam glass of optimal structure, composition and with physical and mechanical properties that meet the energy efficiency requirements of modern buildings and structures. As a result of the conducted researches products from the modified foam glass with the following characteristics were developed: density – 160 … 220 kg/m3; thermal conductivity – 0.055 … 0.074 W/(mK); water absorption – 1.95 … 2.43 % (volume); compressive strength – 1.5 … 2.1 MPa.