Abstract
In past decades, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been associated with high mortality and morbidity. Although many maneuvers have been tested including tens of clinical trials, so far there is still no approved pharmacological intervention available for ARDS except protective ventilation strategy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has shown improved survival in various ARDS animal model after administration. Here we summarized the updates of MSC derivation and purification, administration approaches, timing of MSC delivery, and mechanism of MSC therapy in order to provide a state-of-art paradigm of cell based therapy in ARDS and to facilitate the development of MSC therapy in ARDS patients.
Highlights
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major challenge in pulmonary and critical care medicine with high morbidity and mortality [1,2,3]
This review focuses on the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in ARDS, and technical protocol for cell based therapy
Cellular Therapy in 2006 defined MSCs based on three criteria: (1) they must be adherent to plastic under standard tissue culture conditions; (2) they must express certain cell surface markers such as CD73, CD90, and CD105, but must not express CD45, CD34, CD14, or CD11b; and (3) they must have the capacity to differentiate into mesenchymal lineages including osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts under in vitro conditions [25]
Summary
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major challenge in pulmonary and critical care medicine with high morbidity and mortality [1,2,3]. Considering few clinical trials using MSC in ARDS therapy were undertaking, cell-based therapy seems to be a promising regiment in future respiratory medicine [15]. Depending on their source, stem cells can be divided into embryonic and adult stem cells. MSCs is one of the most suitable cellular therapeutic strategy due to their accessibility, differentiation potential into lung tissues, immunomodulatory ability and regeneration properties [17,18] They have excellent safety record and the ability of treating various kinds of diseases in animal models [19]. This review focuses on the mechanisms of MSCs in ARDS, and technical protocol for cell based therapy
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