Abstract
The vapor-phase isomerization of xylenes over a silica-alumina catalyst containing 4 wt% nickel has been investigated in the presence of excess hydrogen at 400 °C and pressures up to 15 atm. The results clearly indicate that the three isomers are interconverted via the consecutive reaction, ortho → meta → para. Hydrogenolysis to toluene and disproportionation to trimethylbenzenes are the two major competing reactions. Additional experiments carried out with deuterium-labeled p-xylene show that the isomerization proceeds almost exclusively by intramolecular 1,2 shifts of the methyl groups around the aromatic ring.
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