Abstract
This article aims to review and to interpret the gender equity in the political, economical and social areas in the EU. The work is based on Human development perspective and methodology. The article consists of two parts. First part gives an explanation about human development and its measurements methodology such as human development index (HDI), gender-related development index (GDI), gender empowerment measure (GEM). The second part of article argues main thesis: high socioeconomic development automatically does not guarantee equity and equality for both woman and man. According to the data of global Human Development report the greater the gender disparity in basic human development, the lower is a country’s GDI relative to its HDI. Sweden, Latvia, Denmark, Finland have the closest correspondence between HDI and GDI. Ireland, Luxembourg, Austria, Belgium, Greece shows highest gender inequality rates. GEM shows that gender equity gaps in political, economic participation and decisionmaking and power over economic resources exist in all EU states members. HDI, GDI, GEM shows that Lithuania does not reach the average of EU. Article concludes that gender inequality problems exist in each EU country and does not depend directly from economical achievement. The good experience of Scandinavian countries gender policy indicates that for gender equity it is necessary to mainstream gender policy.
Highlights
Žmogaus socialinës raidos ir lyèiø nelygybës ávertinimas kritikuojamas dël to, kad neapima svarbiø žmogaus socialinës raidos bruožø, pavyzdžiui, laisvës, nedarbo, kad naudojami dvejø metø senumo duomenys
Pavyzdžiui, kaip minëta, pagal ŽSR ir lyèiø socialinës raidos indeksas (LSRI) Ðvedija ir Latvija vertinamos kaip tolygiai paskirstanèios ekonomines ir socialines galimybes abiejø lyèiø atžvilgiu
The good experience of Scandinavian countries gender policy indicates that for gender equity it is necessary to mainstream gender policy
Summary
Šio straipsnio tikslas - apžvelgti ir interpretuoti lyèiø politines, ekonomines, socialines galimybes Europos Sàjungos ðalyse. Analizë ir interpretacija pateikiama remiantis žmogaus socialinës raidos perspektyva. Panaudojami Jungtiniø Tautø vystymo programos globaliniø Praneðimø apie žmogaus socialinæ raidà duomenys pabrëžiant žmogaus socialinës raidos ir lyèiø socialinës raidos indeksus, didesniø galimybiø lytims suteikimo matà ir kitus statistinius rodiklius. Pirmoje straipsnio dalyje yra pateikiama žmogaus socialinës raidos koncepcija ir jos vertinimo metodologija, pabrëžiant lyèiø nelygybës matavimà. Pateikiama Europos Sàjungos, áskaitant ir Lietuvà, ðaliø lyginamoji analizë. Ðiam uždaviniui atlikti bûtina turëti aiðkià metodologijà, atitinkanèià lyèiø lygiø galimybiø perspektyvà bei patikimus empirinius duomenis. Kuri, kai kuriø autoriø nuomone, yra tolygi žmogaus teisiø koncepcijai (Chinsman, Hunt, Fukuda-Parr 1998), skirtingai nei pastaroji turi aiðkià pagrindiniø ekonominiø, politiniø ir ðvietimo ir kitø galimybiø lytims ávertinimo metodologijà, leidžianèià palyginti šias ðalis. Todël žmogaus socialinë raida ir jos ávertinimas yra pamatinë ðio straipsnio analizës metodologija
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