The measurement of cohesive and interfacial toughness for bonded metal joints with epoxy adhesives

Abstract

The types of crack growth in adhesive joints are reviewed and three are identified, namely central cohesive, asymmetric cohesive and interfacial. Test methods for measuring fracture toughness associated with these cracks are then outlined and include a Tapered Double Cantilever Beam (TDCB) test for a central cohesive crack and peel tests on flexible laminates for the other types of crack. In particular, fixed arm and mandrel peel tests are used. Two aerospace adhesives are used to prepare test specimens in order to conduct these tests. For one of these adhesives, all three types of crack growth were recorded and this provided an opportunity to make detailed comparisons of the three associated fracture toughness values. Of particular interest was the use of the mandrel peel method because it enabled a fracture transition (asymmetric cohesive to interfacial fracture) to be observed during the test. The fracture toughness value associated with a central cohesive crack was similar in magnitude to that for an asymmetric cohesive crack. However, the fracture toughness for interfacial fracture was much lower, but similar in magnitude to the expected value of half the fracture toughness from a TDCB test.