Abstract
According to T. W. Heyck, 'no one was called "an intellectual" in England before the 1870s. In the early and mid-Victorian periods we find 'men of letters,' 'cultivators of science,' and various terms describing professionals of different sorts, but we do not find 'intellectuals.' The emergence of the new term has allowed us to ascribe a social role to intellectuals throughout history, but in so doing we impose a characteristically modern idea on the past. The change is more than verbal: it is 'a profound transformation of the economic, social and conceptual relations in which writers and thinkers stood.'
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