The Meaningless Meaning of Mean Heart Dose in Mediastinal Lymphoma in the Modern Radiation Therapy Era

Abstract

PurposeMean heart dose (MHD) correlates with late cardiac toxicity among survivors of lymphoma receiving involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT). We investigated MHD and cardiac substructure dose across older and newer radiation fields and techniques to understand the value of evaluating MHD alone. Methods and MaterialsAfter institutional review board approval, we developed a database of dosimetry plans for 40 patients with mediastinal lymphoma, which included IFRT (anterior-posterior and posterior-anterior), involved-site radiation therapy (ISRT) + 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), ISRT + intensity modulated radiation therapy, and ISRT + proton therapy plans for each patient. Each plan was evaluated for dose to the heart and cardiac substructures, including the right and left ventricles (RV, LV) and atria (RA, LA); tricuspid, mitral (MV), and aortic valves; and left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Correlation between MHD and cardiac substructure dose was assessed with linear regression. A correlation was considered very strong, strong, moderate, or weak if the r was ≥0.8, 0.6-0.79, 0.4-0.59, or <0.4, respectively. ResultsA very strong correlation was observed between MHD and the mean cardiac substructure dose for each plan as follows: IFRT—LV, RV, LA, MV and LAD; ISRT + 3DCRT—LV, RV, MV, TV, and LA; ISRT + intensity modulated radiation therapy—LV and RV; ISRT + proton therapy—none. The following strong correlations were observed: IFRT—RA; ISRT + 3DCRT—LAD, RA, AV; ISRT + IMRT—LA, RA, LAD, AV, TV, and MV; ISRT + proton therapy—LV only. ConclusionsIn the management of mediastinal lymphoma, more conformal treatment techniques can lead to more heterogeneous dose distributions across the heart, which translate into weaker relationships between mean heart dose and mean cardiac substructure doses. Consequently, models for assessing the risk of cardiac toxicity after radiation therapy that rely on MHD can be misleading when using modern treatment fields and techniques. Contouring the cardiac substructures and evaluating their dose is important when using contemporary RT.