The meaning and feasibility of engaging in physical activity while being employed in people with mild to moderate disability due to multiple sclerosis: a qualitative study

Abstract

Purpose To understand the perceptions of the meaning and feasibility of physical activity (PA) while employed for people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Materials and methods A qualitative design, using individual in-depth interviews of 26 employed pwMS with mild to moderate disability. The interviews were analysed using systematic text condensation in a phenomenological hermeneutic framework informed by a pattern theory of self. A systematic and dynamic process was used to develop categories of the most salient content and meaning. Results Three categories were developed: (1) Meaningfulness of PA for work, (2) Balancing daily life, PA, and work when energy is low, and (3) Leisure PA during work hours is beneficial but challenging to implement. The findings highlight that PA can be perceived meaningful for health, function, life balance, identity, their perceived abilities, possibilities, and challenges in relation to work, all influencing self-perception. The participants perceived the feasibility of PA to be influenced by work, private life, and work-life balance, particularly highlighting physical function, organisational structures and arrangements, and social and normative practices to be important. An arrangement of implementing leisure PA during working hours was recognised as a beneficial work accommodation when it was perceived feasible and accepted. Conclusion Employed pwMS may perceive PA as meaningful for their health, function, and work, influencing self-perception and perceived work capabilities. Its feasibility may be influenced by individual, environmental, and/or social aspects. Thus, individualised work adjustments to facilitate PA, like accommodating for leisure PA during work hours, can ultimately facilitate both PA and employment.