The McGill pain questionnaire in patients with myogenic facial pain and TMJ disorders

Abstract

The assessment of pathologies characterized by pain situated at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) or cheek, consequent on disorders of the TMJ itself and/or of the craniofacial or masticatory muscles is still controversial. As verbal pain assessment techniques are of help in discriminating between different pain sensations, our purpose was to assess the discriminative capacity of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) in patients with TMJ disorders or with myogenous facial pain (MP). The MPQ was administered to 57 TMJ and 28 MP patients. Weighted MPQ item scores, subscale Pain Rating Indexes (PRI), total PRI and the number of words chosen were calculated. Mean scores were tested for significant differences (Student's t) and the frequency with which each descriptor was chosen by the patients of both groups was also analysed. Furthermore, the data were processed through two systems based on a counter-propagation neural network: the Self Organising Map (SOM) system, and a cluster-like analysis. In the MP group 16 of 20 mean MPQ item scores and all mean PRI were significantly higher than those of the TMJ group. The SOM analysis was able to distribute the two groups in the two different halves of the map; only two of 28 MP cases (7%) and 12 of 57 TMJ cases (21%) were misplaced. The cluster-like analysis based on the 20 MPQ item scores was able to correctly recognize 94·73% TMJ patients and 89·28% MP patients. In conclusion, the MPQ showed a consistent discriminative capacity between TMJ and MP patients.