Abstract
Life is an embodiment of matter that is a common feature of living organisms and can be used as a fundamental criterion for characterizing them. Everything that is common to living organisms falls under the umbrella of biological motion. Everything that is common to living organisms falls under the umbrella of biological motion. The new approach – qualitatively different and more than that of classical or borderland sciences – is the interdisciplinary perspective. The first important milestone in the scientific establishment of general systems theory was the year 1942, when the second edition of Theoretische Biologie by Ludwig von Bertalanffy. One of the main aims of general systems theory is to develop a general orientation and a general theoretical framework that enables a practitioner of a discipline to take up structurally and organizationally relevant contributions from others. Examples are totality, additivity, leap and slow evolution, similarity, gradual selection, growth-evolution, mechanization and centralization, individuality, adapta¬tion, aggression, hierarchical order, parts with a control function, the avalanche ef¬fect, purposiveness and unity of purpose, rhythmicity, physical and biological time.
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