Abstract
A physical model has been constructed to represent turbulent recirculating flows that occur in argon-stirred ladles. By using a mechanically driven circulating system including a moving tube it was possible to generate flow fields such that all the boundary conditions could be defined unambiguously. The velocity fields developed in the system and the spatial distribution of the turbulent kinetic energy were measured experimentally using a laserdoppler anemometer. The experimental measurements were found to be in good agreement with predictions based on theK-W model for turbulent recirculating flows, provided appropriate wall functions were used. A simplified model was also described in the paper, for representing the transient decay of turbulence in teemed systems or in bubble stirred vessels after the agitation had been terminated. This model, which in essence involved the use of a simple algebraic relationship, gave semiquantitative agreement with measurements.
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