Abstract
Methods Firstly, we used a network proximity approach to calculate and compare the effectiveness of the formula with that of Western drugs for each type of angina, including all targets and intersecting targets, from a topological perspective. Secondly, we compared the mechanisms of action of the two angina pectoris at three levels and five aspects, including conventional and modular analysis approaches. Thirdly, based on the unique functions of each angina in the complex heterogeneous network, we designed a reverse process for finding the material basis using dynamic, static, and enriched items as well as a total item. Finally, the designed inverse process, material basis, and mechanism of action were validated. Results The target network of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction is closer to the target network of each type of angina than that of Western drugs, and the intersection targets have a closer proximity. Comparison of the mechanisms of action showed that stable angina and unstable angina had 158 common targets, while the unique targets were 34 and 1, respectively. Modularity analysis showed that the GO similarity of target modules was highly correlated with KEGG similarity. We ended up with 67 compounds upregulated for stable angina and 47 compounds upregulated for unstable angina. Our results were validated by literature mining, high-volume molecular docking, and miRNA enrichment analysis. Conclusions For both types of angina pectoris, Xuefu Zhuyu decoction is superior to Western drugs. A comparison of various aspects led to the unique mechanisms of action, from which the material basis of each type of angina was deduced.
Highlights
Background and ObjectiveXuefu Zhuyu decoction has good efficacy in both stable and unstable angina pectoris; the reasons for this remain elusive
Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Network. e protein-protein interaction data were obtained from the String database [27]. e species option was set to Homo sapiens, and the minimum connection score will be mentioned
E results in Table 2 present a comparison of the network proximity of this formula and approved Western drugs to each of the two angina pectoris. e results show that the targets of the formula are always closer to the targets of the disease than the targets of the Western drugs in terms of topology, for both stable and unstable angina. erefore, these results suggest that the treatment of both stable and unstable angina pectoris with Xuefu Zhuyu decoction is effective and superior to approved Western drugs
Summary
Background and ObjectiveXuefu Zhuyu decoction has good efficacy in both stable and unstable angina pectoris; the reasons for this remain elusive. We propose a systematic process to investigate the effectiveness of the formula and the underlying material basis and mechanism of action. We used a network proximity approach to calculate and compare the effectiveness of the formula with that of Western drugs for each type of angina, including all targets and intersecting targets, from a topological perspective. We compared the mechanisms of action of the two angina pectoris at three levels and five aspects, including conventional and modular analysis approaches. Irdly, based on the unique functions of each angina in the complex heterogeneous network, we designed a reverse process for finding the material basis using dynamic, static, and enriched items as well as a total item. The designed inverse process, material basis, and mechanism of action were validated.
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