Abstract
We propose the generalization of Einstein’s special theory of relativity (STR). In our model, we use the (1 + 4)-dimensional space G, which is the extension of the (1 + 3)-dimensional Minkowski space M. As a fifth additional coordinate, the interval S is used. This value is constant under the usual Lorentz transformations in M, but it changes when the transformations in the extended space G are used. We call this model the Extended space model (ESM). From a physical point of view, our expansion means that processes in which the rest mass of the particles changes are acceptable now. In the ESM, gravity and electromagnetism are combined in one field. In the ESM, a photon can have a nonzero mass and this mass can be either positive or negative. It is also possible to establish in the frame of ESM connection between mass of a particle and its size.
Highlights
We consider the Extended space model (ESM), which is a generalization of Einstein’s special theory of relativity (STR)
The ESM is formulated in a 5-dimensional space, or in a (1 + 4)-dimensional space with the metric (+ − − − −)
For hyperbolic rotation through the angle θ in the (TS) plane the photon 5-vector (19) with zero mass is transformed in the following manner (Ref. [1]):
Summary
We consider the Extended space model (ESM), which is a generalization of Einstein’s special theory of relativity (STR). (2016) The Mass and Size of Photons in the 5-Dimensional Extended Space Model. The main idea of the ESM is that the mass m is not a Lorentz scalar and can vary under external influences Such particle having a mass m, corresponds to a hyperboloid in Minkowski space, in the limiting case this hyperboloid degenerates into a cone. One of the characteristic features of the ESM is that the particle’s rest mass m is s variable quantity and a photon, moving in a medium with refraction index n > 1 , and a nonzero mass is acquired. The 5-dimensional ESM has a number of advantages compared to STR The various aspects of the concept of “mass” in STR was discussed by Okun’ [8]-[10]
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