Abstract
Currently, periodontitis treatment relies on surgical operations, anti-inflammatory agents, or antibiotics. However, these treatments cause pain and side effects, resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the impact of the compound epiloliolide isolated from Sargassum horneri on the recovery of inflammatory inhibitors and loss of periodontal ligaments, which are essential treatment strategies for periodontitis. Here, human periodontal ligament cells stimulated with PG-LPS were treated with the compound epiloliolide, isolated from S. horneri. In the results of this study, epiloliolide proved the anti-inflammatory effect, cell proliferation capacity, and differentiation potential of periodontal ligament cells into osteoblasts, through the regulation of the PKA/CREB signaling pathway. Epiloliolide effectively increased the proliferation and migration of human periodontal ligament cells without cytotoxicity and suppressed the protein expression of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines, such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, by downregulating NLRP3 activated by PG-LPS. Epiloliolide also upregulated the phosphorylation of PKA/CREB proteins, which play an important role in cell growth and proliferation. It was confirmed that the anti-inflammatory effect in PG-LPS-stimulated large cells was due to the regulation of PKA/CREB signaling. We suggest that epiloliolide could serve as a potential novel therapeutic agent for periodontitis by inhibiting inflammation and restoring the loss of periodontal tissue.
Highlights
Chronic periodontitis causes tooth loss due to the loss of attachment of periodontal ligament tissue due to an inflammatory reaction, restoration and reconstruction of the periodontal ligament through inhibition of periodontal inflammation are important in the treatment of periodontitis [1,2]
It has been found that the mRNA expression of NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) and IL-1β is increased in patients with periodontitis [8]. cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival, along with inflammation in various cell types, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) has a variety of functions, including regulation of lipid metabolism in many kinds of cells [9,10]
In this study, it was confirmed that the compound epiloliolide isolated from the S. horneri induces the proliferation of human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells
Summary
Chronic periodontitis causes tooth loss due to the loss of attachment of periodontal ligament tissue due to an inflammatory reaction, restoration and reconstruction of the periodontal ligament through inhibition of periodontal inflammation are important in the treatment of periodontitis [1,2]. Human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells play a role in connecting the roots of teeth and alveolar bones, along with restoration of periodontal tissue, and can produce bone cells and cement blast cells similar to osteoblasts [4,5]. The efficacy of periodontitis treatment can be evaluated using the inflammatory state, proliferation, and osteogenic induction ability of HPDL cells. CAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival, along with inflammation in various cell types, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) has a variety of functions, including regulation of lipid metabolism in many kinds of cells [9,10]. The relationship and role of NLRP3 and cAMP/PKA/CREB axes in human periodontal ligament cells stimulated with PG-LPS have not been identified
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