The Manufacturing Process and Corrosion Properties of Magnesium Matrix Composites: A Review

Abstract

Magnesium-based biomaterials are a new generation of biodegradable metals that are playing a major role in the development of future implant materials. Magnesium-based materials can corrode too rapidly during physiological conditions and lose their usefulness before bones heal. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the selection of suitable matrix and reinforcing materials as well as suitable process techniques to achieve better corrosion resistance targeted for dental implant applications. It also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of testing methods and corrosion media commonly used for biomedical applications. Specific search strategies are carried out in electronic databases: Springer, Pubmed, and Sciencedirect as well as google without limiting years. Papers are selected after reviewing their title, abstract, and full text. Then study the objectives, criteria, methods, and results. Based on the available literature, we can conclude that for magnesium-based composite matrices it is preferable to use commercially available Mg AZ91D alloys to investigate their corrosion behavior in vitro and in vivo environments. While for the composite reinforcement, bioceramic materials can be used, including Hydroxyapatite (HA) added with Zirconia ceramics (ZrO2) or Titanium metal oxide (TiO2). Furthermore, the process of making ceramic composites uses powder metallurgy (PM) and squeeze casting methods. Then, corrosive testing can use the commonly used electrochemical methods, namely Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) with corrosive SBF media.