The Mandala Model of Transformative Learning

Abstract

Transformative learning theory has provided a sound theoretical base for adult education’s Western and Eastern academic field. This article aims to introduce the mandala model of transformative learning by transferring Mezirow’s theory of perspective transformation onto a mandala map. In the mandala model, the learning agent exercises two capabilities—knowledgeability and reflexivity—to solve and pose problems in learning contexts. The learners accomplish the circle of transformative learning through the four phases of acquiring knowledge, taking actions to praxes, and generating wisdom; they are on the way to fulfill transformative learning. The theoretical model of transformative learning postulates to implement learners’ capabilities and manifest the dynamics of generative mechanisms. Moreover, it postulates to integrate knowledge into personal life and societal situations through actions and praxes and elucidate wisdom and beneficial outcomes in the intrapersonal and interpersonal contexts.