The management of acute pancreatitis among children on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis during COVID-19 pandemic crisis in Indonesia: report of two cases

Abstract

Background: Children on dialysis seem to be at greater risk for COVID-19. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an infrequent but severe complication of chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD). It contributes to morbidity and mortality rates of up to 25%. Patients with PD are exposed to a series of factors associated with AP risk. This report aimed to describe rare and interesting cases of acute pancreatitis in children with CAPD following PD-related peritonitis with a favorable response to conservative treatment. Case report: We present two cases admitted to our emergency room (ER) with severe abdominal pain preceded by PD-related peritonitis. Poor adherence, lack of monitoring, and healthcare service restriction during the COVID-19 pandemic predisposed these patients to PD-related complications. Patients were diagnosed as AP based on the revised Atlanta criteria. Both met the criteria as they had abdominal pain, a threefold increase of pancreatic enzymes, and evidence of pancreatitis through ultrasonography (USG) investigation. Both patients presented a rapid resolution of AP after receiving conservative treatment, including fasting, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), prophylactic antibiotics, and analgesics. None of them experienced invasive intervention due to AP. Conclusion: Diagnosing AP in children with CAPD may be challenging since the symptoms mimic other abdominal problems. Our cases are likely to be associated with PD-related peritonitis. This report may prove conservative treatment as a recommendation for managing AP in children with CAPD. The rapid development of innovative clinical management strategies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial to improving children's health care quality with CAPD.