The Major Histocompatibility Complex of Chickens Controls the Infection of Early Chicken Embryos by MC29 Virus

Abstract

Embryos from isogeneic chicken lines belonging to different haplotypes and known to be resistant to infection by avian retroviruses of subgroups A and E were infected on the 3rd (E3) and 5th day (E5) of incubation with MC29 virus (MC29RAV-1 pseudotype; A subgroup-derived envelope). Despite the trait for resistance, E3 embryos developed the specific heart tumors previously described in outbred E3 embryos. The CB line (B12/B12, C/AE) was more susceptible than the congenic line CC (B4/B4, C/AE). In both lines, the heart was the unique target at E3 for MC29. No tumors of the heart or other organs appeared upon infection at E5 or El0. In the A subgroup susceptible line 6 (B2/B2, C/E) both heart (50%) and skin (100%) were transformed upon E3 infection. Hybrids of line 6 with the CB line expressed skin (100%) and heart (95.4%) tumors. On the other hand, the 6 × CC combination revealed 96.7% of skin tumors while heart tumors occurred only in 1 of 31 embryos (3.2%). To distinguish the respective influences of the MHC and of the tv-a allele, crosses with the la line (B7/B7, C/O) were carried out and tested with MC29. The findings indicate that resistance of the embryos to MC29 heart tumors is associated with the B4/B4 haplotype, supporting the interpretation that the MHC has a role in MC29 cell tropism and v-myc expression. The target cells in tumors were determined by immunofluorescence staining. Cells infected in the heart belonged to the myogenic lineage, as expected from previous studies. In skin anomalies the epidermal cells were double-stained with anticytokeratin and anti-env antibodies, many cells in the dermis also reacted with anti-env antibodies.