Abstract
Productivity in dairy cattle and buffaloes depends on the genetic factors governing the production of milk and milk constituents as well as genetic factors controlling disease resistance or susceptibility. The immune system is the adaptive defense system that has evolved in vertebrates to protect them from invading pathogens and also carcinomas. It is remarkable in the sense that it is able to generate an enormous variety of cells and biomolecules which interact with each other in numerous ways to form a complex network that helps to recognize, counteract, and eliminate the apparently limitless number of foreign invading pathogens/molecules. The major histocompatibility complex which is found to occur in all mammalian species plays a central role in the development of the immune system. It is an important candidate gene involved in susceptibility/resistance to various diseases. It is associated with intercellular recognition and with self/nonself discrimination. It plays major role in determining whether transplanted tissue will be accepted as self or rejected as foreign.
Highlights
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a fundamental part of the immune system in most vertebrates [1]
Maillard et al [51] observed that a unique Bovine Lymphocyte antigen (BoLA) class II haplotype made up of one DRB3 exon2 allele and one DQB allele highly correlates with the susceptibility character (P < 0.001) to bovine dermatophilosis
The results suggested that both MHC and non-MHC genes played a role in regulating bovine immune traits of relevance to vaccine design
Summary
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a fundamental part of the immune system in most vertebrates [1]. It is one of the most important genetic systems for infectious disease resistance in vertebrates [2, 3]. Class I molecules consist of an alpha chain with a molecular mass of about 45 KDa (heavy chain) associated noncovalently with β2microglobulin chain which is around 12 KDa. The class I molecules are expressed in all nucleated cells, and their main function is to present peptides to CD8+ T-lymphocytes, which kill virus-infected and neoplastic cells. Class II molecules are expressed on “professional” antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells and macrophages. The Class III molecules includes products somewhat different from the MHC molecule that too are associated with the immune process, for example, components of complement system, steroid 21-hydroxylase enzymes, and tumour necrosis factors [4]
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