The main types of information units conveyed by the present perfect, past indefinite and past perfect and how to teach them

E Kuzmickaitė

doi:10.15388/psichol.1971.11.9258

Abstract

The tense systems of the English and Lithuanian languages differ in the degree of precision with which the same events are characterized. Owing to a more differentiated system of tense forms in the English language, one can convey such information about actions which is not grammatically expressed in the mother tongue. The main types of information units conveyed by the Present Perfect are described in the article. They are compared to those in Lithuanian. Such contrasting analysis exposes the difference between the two languages and shows the difficulties experienced by Lithuanian students in mastering the Present Perfect. In teaching the tense forms the teacher acquaints the students with the types of information the studied tense form can convey. The contrasting analysis with Lithuanian exposes the factors conditioning the choice of a tense form in the two languages. The exercises aimed at developing the students' skill of using tense forms in speech are built in such a way that the specific difficulties induced by the mother tongue are taken into account.

Highlights

OnbIT pa60TbI B JIHTOBrKoM .H3hIKOBOM Byse, a TaK)!{e cneųHaJibHO npoBe.UeHHa.H npOBepKa CBil.L(eTeJibCTBYIOT o TOM, ŲTO IlOCTaBJieHHa.H ųeJib He .L(OCTHraeTC.H, ŲTO CTy.n:eHTbl .n:onycKatoT 6oJibllIOe KOJIIIŲe CTBO OllIII6oK np11 ynoTpe6JieHIIIl Present Perfect, Past Indefinite H Past Perfect KaK Henocpe.ncTBeHHO IlOCJie HX 113yųe Hll.H, TaK lI Ha CTapllIHX Kypcax (4). 3TO 060.HCH.HeTc.H OTCYTCTBHeM MeToJI:HKII ·o6yųeHil.H yKasaHHb!M BpeMeHHbIM cpop MaM, yųHTbIBatoIIIeif oco6eHHOCTH Bpe MeHHOH ClICTeMbl aHrJIHHCKOro .H3b!Ka IIO cpaBHeHHto e po.LHL bIM (JIHTOBCKHM) .H3hI KOM cry.neHTOB.
K nepBoMy, HaI:160Jiee MHoroųttcJieH HoMy rnrry coo6meH11ii:, rrepe;i:asaeMhIX Present Perfect, OTHOCHTCH coo6meHHH, ųeJibIO KOTOpblX HBJIHeTCH yKa3aHHe Ha TO, ŲTO ;i:eii:cTBHe 3aKOH'll:IJIOCb Ji:O MOMeH Ta peųu H 'lTO B MOMeHT peųH cymecrneH Hbl IIOCJie)J:CTBI15!
Ta6JIIIU.a CBII.U.eTeJibcrnyeT o TOM, ųTo B JIIITOBCKOM 5I3b!Ke IIHor.zra TaK )!{e, KaK II B aHrJIIIHCKOM, TpeTIIH TIITI coo6rn.eHIIH MO)KeT 6b!Tb nepe.zraH CJIO)KHOH cpopMOH, Ho TOJibKO 6y.zryru.ero BpeMeHII.

Summary

Introduction

OnbIT pa60TbI B JIHTOBrKoM .H3hIKOBOM Byse, a TaK)!{e cneųHaJibHO npoBe.UeHHa.H npOBepKa CBil.L(eTeJibCTBYIOT o TOM, ŲTO IlOCTaBJieHHa.H ųeJib He .L(OCTHraeTC.H, ŲTO CTy.n:eHTbl .n:onycKatoT 6oJibllIOe KOJIIIŲe CTBO OllIII6oK np11 ynoTpe6JieHIIIl Present Perfect, Past Indefinite H Past Perfect KaK Henocpe.ncTBeHHO IlOCJie HX 113yųe Hll.H, TaK lI Ha CTapllIHX Kypcax (4). 3TO 060.HCH.HeTc.H OTCYTCTBHeM MeToJI:HKII ·o6yųeHil.H yKasaHHb!M BpeMeHHbIM cpop MaM, yųHTbIBatoIIIeif oco6eHHOCTH Bpe MeHHOH ClICTeMbl aHrJIHHCKOro .H3b!Ka IIO cpaBHeHHto e po.LHL bIM (JIHTOBCKHM) .H3hI KOM cry.neHTOB. K nepBoMy, HaI:160Jiee MHoroųttcJieH HoMy rnrry coo6meH11ii:, rrepe;i:asaeMhIX Present Perfect, OTHOCHTCH coo6meHHH, ųeJibIO KOTOpblX HBJIHeTCH yKa3aHHe Ha TO, ŲTO ;i:eii:cTBHe 3aKOH'll:IJIOCb Ji:O MOMeH Ta peųu H 'lTO B MOMeHT peųH cymecrneH Hbl IIOCJie)J:CTBI15!

Results

Conclusion