Abstract
The article analyzes directions of development of the international legal mechanism for regulating environmental migration. Two directions were described. The first one involves the extension of the 1951 UN Convention on the Legal Status of Refugees to environmental migrants who have left their permanent places of residence due to an environmental degradation caused by natural or man-made disasters or negative impacts of industrial and economic activities. The second way to create an international legal mechanism for regulating environmental migration and protecting environmental migrants is to develop and adopt a new international agreement governing actions of the international community aimed to protect environmental migrants. The analysis allows for the conclusion that the first direction seems to be the most optimal due to the similar status of asylum seekers and people who have left their places of permanent residence as a result of natural disasters or industrial accidents, environmental and climatic conditions.
Highlights
Migration of the population from places of their permanent residence due to natural and natural disasters, industrial accidents, human economic and environmental activities, changes in climatic conditions cause by global warming is gaining more and more recognition both at the international and national levels
The need for this step was declared by the Global Commission on International Migration of the United Nations, and the International Organization for Migration (IOM)
This direction provides that the UN Convention will protect both refugees - “... persons who have left the state of their nationality or permanent residence due to persecution based on race, religion, citizenship, membership in a particular social group or political opinion ...”, and environmental migrants - people who left the place of their permanent residence due to environmental degradation as a result of natural or manmade disasters, negative impacts of industrial and economic activities on the environment, or climatic changes and related negative effects
Summary
Migration of the population from places of their permanent residence due to natural and natural disasters, industrial accidents, human economic and environmental activities, changes in climatic conditions cause by global warming is gaining more and more recognition both at the international and national levels. The need to create an international legal mechanism for regulating environmental migration - forced displacement of people for environmental reasons - has been discussed at various international meetings devoted to the problems of forced migration and environmental and climate problems. This issue was discussed the regional conference on the problems of regulation of forced migration in 1996 in Geneva, Switzerland. In addition to the adoption of the document emphasizing the need to create an international legal mechanism to regulate forced migration due to environmental degradation (environmental migration) and protection of the rights and freedoms of environmental migrants, the definition of the concept "Environmental migrant" was formulated
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