Abstract
IT IS A COMMON COMPLAINT among anthropologists and historians that rituals and other cultural genres of moderns, especially bourgeoisie, are humanly impoverished relative to those of pastoral or of traditional urban groups. Turner speaks of the dismemberment of ritual in contemporary American society and Bettelheim is troubled by fact that fewer and fewer American parents are reading fairy tales to their children.' Forced to make their own rituals and their own tales in vacuum left by modern adults, goes this cant, modern children invent pale substitutes incapable of carrying heavy symbolic burden that rituals and tales must carry as externalizations of internal anxieties, conflicts, and confusions.
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