The Luther-Emery liquid: Spin gap and anomalous flux period

Abstract

We study the dependence of the ground state energy on an applied Aharonov-Bohm flux $\ensuremath{\Phi}$ for the Luttinger model with large momentum scattering. Employing the method of finite size bosonization, we show that for systems with a spin gap but with gapless charge degrees of freedom, the ground state energy has an exact period of $hc∕2e$, i.e., half a flux quantum, in the limit of large system size $L$. Finite size corrections are found to vanish exponentially in $L$. This behavior is contrasted to that of the spin gapless case, for both even and odd particle number. Generalizations to finite temperature are also discussed.