Abstract

The oil and gas exploration of the Middle and Lower Cambrian in the Tarim Basin reveals widely distributed source rocks with the Yuertusi Formation being recognized as high-quality source rocks that are distributed in a rather small range. The Xiaoerbulake Formation that is right under the Yuertusi Formation has also been eyed as potential high-quality source rocks and is studied through analyses focusing on the stratigraphic development, the abundance, type, and maturity of organic matter, and the paleoproductivity of a dark-colored algae dolomite within the formation. The results show that the dolomite is rich in organic matter of mainly types I and II kerogens. Although reached the high mature to over-mature stage, the dolomite was deposited in an anoxic sedimentary environment featuring a high paleoproductivity level and a high organic carbon burial efficiency, quite favorable for the development of high-quality source rocks. The study provides material evidence to the Middle-Lower Cambrian subsalt source rock-reservoir-caprock combination model for the Tarim Basin.

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