The Lossless, Resonant, Minimum Scattering Approximation for Fast Phased Array Design

Abstract

The classical framework for phased array beamforming, analysis, and design is based on the array factor approximation. As research in antenna arrays has progressed, attention has turned to sophisticated, high sensitivity applications that require more accurate models. Mutual coupling, edge effects, surface waves, and other non-ideal effects can be accounted for full wave numerical methods, but the run time for the model becomes large, and design optimization can be unduly time consuming. A middle ground between the array factor and full wave numerical models is provided by the lossless, resonant, minimum scattering (LRMSA)approximation. Embedded element radiation patterns with open circuit loads on the element ports are approximated using an analytically known or modeled isolated element pattern, and mutual coupling is included to first order using the element pattern overlap matrix and relationships from the network theory of antenna arrays. We give an overview of the LRMSA method for fast phased array modeling and design in this paper, and the presentation will include numerical comparisons and design examples for a variety of phased array application areas.