The Long-Term Survival and Growth of Enrichment Plantings in Logged Tropical Rainforest in North Queensland, Australia

Phan Minh Quang,John Herbohn,Jack Baynes,Grahame Applegate,Murray Keys

doi:10.3390/f11040386

Phan Minh Quang, John Herbohn + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/f11040386

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Abstract

Enrichment planting is often suggested as a means of enhancing the productivity of logged rainforest. However, little is known about the long-term survival and growth of these trees. In this study, we used historical data from enrichment planting trials ranging from 15 to 32 years old to examine the survival and growth of 16 tree species across different sites in north Queensland, Australia. The results complement and extend current knowledge on the potential role of enrichment planting from a production perspective. A key finding was that the initial level of post-logging overwood did not appear to affect the immediate survival of enrichment plantings, but in the longer term (up to 30 years) survival decreased as post-logging overwood and regrowth increased. This suggests that removal of overwood should take place at the time of enrichment planting. A further key finding was that despite regular tending to remove vegetation adjacent to the plantings, competition from saplings and trees that were situated outside the tended area emerged as a major source of competition in some plots. By implication, the success of enrichment planting may depend on removal of competition from the entire logged area, not just adjacent to enrichment plantings. Results between individual species and trials varied widely. The best development of Flindersia brayleyana resulted in a mean tree diameter of 32.5 cm at age 22 for the 100 tallest trees per hectare. Although Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus microcorys, and Eucalyptus pilularis all failed—as expected, because they do not normally grow in rainforest—Corymbia torelliana, Cardwellia sublimis, Araucaria bidwillii, Khaya senegalensis, Flindersia amboinensis, and Swietenia macrophylla also failed although they grow naturally in similar sites. In other trials, tree height and basal area growth were often poor. For example, Khaya ivorensis grew to a basal area of only 1.3 m2/ha and a mean height of 7.7 m at age 10, and Flindersia ifflaiana only grew to a basal area of 0.7 m2/ha and a height of 7.9 m, also at age 10. Overall, these results emphasise the necessity of site–species matching before enrichment planting begins and the necessity of post-planting monitoring and remedial tending.

Highlights

Tropical rainforests are important both as highly diverse ecosystems [1,2] and as an economic resource for rural communities in developing countries [3]
We describe the silviculture that was used to manage the growth of the overwood and how this overwood competed with the enrichment plantings over time
The survival of Araucaria cunninghamii cunninghamii ranged between 53.3% and 96.8%, except at experiment 350 where there was 100%

Summary

Introduction

Tropical rainforests are important both as highly diverse ecosystems [1,2] and as an economic resource for rural communities in developing countries [3]. The proportion of non-commercial tree species may be increased to the detriment of high-value species [5,6,7,8,9,10] This provides an economic rationale for converting unproductive forest to agriculture

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