Abstract
Orthodontists correct dental malocclusion, but major facial skeleton deformations (skeletal malocclusion) are often subject to surgical correction. Several speech pathologies are associated with both of the occlusal anomalies mentioned above. The majority of articulation disorders and primary functions cannot be improved without skeletal correction. This study aimed to investigate the outcome of the multimodal and logopaedics treatment of Polish adults affected by skeletal malocclusion and speech-language pathology. A total of 37 adults affected by skeletal Class II and III malocclusion were included, along with the relationship between the malocclusion and speech deficiency (20 phonemes tested) in the subjects before and after surgical correction. The impact of surgery on pronunciation improvement and types of Polish phonemes most often misarticulated by Polish adults were also examined. Patients underwent combined treatment and received a full speech pathology examination. The treatment improved speech (p < 0.05), but the study did not prove that a specific surgery type was associated with pronunciation improvement. Some patients were provided with speech therapy during childhood, yet most had some minor difficulties with lip and tongue movements. Palatal, alveolar (p < 0.05), fricatives (p < 0.05), and labiodental consonant pronunciation (p < 0.05) improved. The surgical correction of malocclusion leads to better articulation of Polish consonants in adults and improves some primary functions.
Highlights
As an interdiscplinary science, speech pathology notably embraces general dentistry, orthodontics, maxillofacial surgery, and physiotherapy
In 1980, Warren et al [4] pointed out that speech disorders may be caused by other factors than open bite and proved that different physical or psychological factors might be involved in such cases
All the patients had a history of speech therapy in childhood and still faced some articulation defects of varying severity: light, mild, or heavy
Summary
Speech pathology notably embraces general dentistry, orthodontics, maxillofacial surgery, and physiotherapy. T. Laine reported several Finnish (Uralic language group) studies based on malocclusion traits and articulatory components of speech [8], articulatory disorders in speech related to the size of the alveolar arches [9] or position of the incisors [10], the relationship between interincisial occlusion and articulatory components of speech [11], and associations between articulatory disorders in speech and occlusal anomalies [12]. L. Vallino, a clinical speech scientist, presented articles concerning English pronunciation (Indo-European language group) and velopharyngeal function before and after orthognathic surgery [13]. A clinical speech scientist, presented articles concerning English pronunciation (Indo-European language group) and velopharyngeal function before and after orthognathic surgery [13] She promoted the statement that malocclusion requiring orthognathic surgery has a very negative impact on speech. Guyette’s considerations highlighted the impact of maxillary distraction osteogenesis, wheras Wakumoto’s concentrated on fricative consonant pronunciation following osteotomy
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