Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have crucial roles in lncRNAs in periodontal development and disorders of this tissue. A number of lncRNAs especially those regulating immune responses contribute in the pathophysiology of periodontitis. In the current case-control study, we assessed expression levels of two immune response-related lncRNAs namely the antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in gingival tissues and blood samples of patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects. Expression of ANRIL was significantly lower in peripheral blood of patients compared with controls (Posterior Beta RE = -1.734, P value = 0.035). However, when diving study participants based on their gender, no significant difference was found between patients and sex-matched controls. Expression of this lncRNA was not different between periodontitis tissues and normal tissues. Expression of MALAT1 was not different between samples obtained from cases and controls. Tissue or blood expressions of ANRIL or MALAT1 were not correlated with age of either patients or controls. There were significant correlations between expression levels of ANRIL and MALAT1 in gingival tissues both in cases (r = 0.62, P < 0.0001) and in controls (r = 0.37, P < 0.0001). However, blood levels of these lncRNAs were not correlated with each other either in cases or in controls. Most notably, there was no significant correlation between expression levels of these lncRNAs in gingival tissues and in the blood of study participants. The current study indicates dysregulation of ANRIL in the peripheral blood of patients with periodontitis in spite of its normal levels in gingival tissues which might reflect disturbance in systemic immune responses in these patients.
Highlights
Periodontal disease is a common multifactorial disease that affects most ages, with some groups being more susceptible
We investigated expression of two Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in peripheral blood and affected gingival tissues of patients with periodontitis and healthy subjects
Consistent with the mentioned results, a recent study demonstrated down-regulation of antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) in peripheral blood of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients compared with healthy subjects [24]
Summary
Periodontal disease is a common multifactorial disease that affects most ages, with some groups being more susceptible. Regulation of immune responses is a complicated process in which several coding and non-coding genes participate [3]. Additional studies have shown that MALAT1 role in the pathogenesis of SLE is exerted through regulation of SIRT1 signaling [4], a pathway which is probably important in the reactive oxygen species homeostasis in the process of development of periodontitis [7]. Expression of MALAT1 has been up-regulated in primary human gingival fibroblasts obtained from patients with periodontitis compared with controls. This lncRNA enhances expression of inflammatory cytokines through sponging miR‐20a and releasing toll like receptor 4 [11]
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