Abstract
Eukaryotic cells acquired novel organelles during evolution through mechanisms that remain largely obscure. The existence of the unique oil body compartment is a synapomorphy of liverworts that represents lineage-specific acquisition of this organelle during evolution, although its origin, biogenesis, and physiological function are yet unknown. We find that two paralogous syntaxin-1 homologs in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha are distinctly targeted to forming cell plates and the oil body, suggesting that these structures share some developmental similarity. Oil body formation is regulated by an ERF/AP2-type transcription factor and loss of the oil body increases M. polymorpha herbivory. These findings highlight a common strategy for the acquisition of organelles with distinct functions in plants, via periodical redirection of the secretory pathway depending on cellular phase transition.
Highlights
Eukaryotic cells acquired novel organelles during evolution through mechanisms that remain largely obscure
Using ubiquitously expressed mCitrine-MpSYP1 protein fusion constructs driven by their own regulatory elements, we detected localization of MpSYP12A at forming cell plates associated with the phragmoplast that rapidly stained with FM4-64 in addition to the plasma membrane (PM), whereas MpSYP13A, 13B, and 12B were not detected at forming cell plates (Fig. 1a–f, Supplementary Fig. 1f, g)
We succeeded in isolating chimeric plants comprising mutated and wild-type cells, in which we frequently observed enlarged cells with cell wall stabs, suggesting that MpSYP12A is required for cell plate formation during cytokinesis similar to the function of KNOLLE (Fig. 1g)
Summary
Eukaryotic cells acquired novel organelles during evolution through mechanisms that remain largely obscure. We find that two paralogous syntaxin-1 homologs in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha are distinctly targeted to forming cell plates and the oil body, suggesting that these structures share some developmental similarity. Oil body formation is regulated by an ERF/AP2-type transcription factor and loss of the oil body increases M. polymorpha herbivory These findings highlight a common strategy for the acquisition of organelles with distinct functions in plants, via periodical redirection of the secretory pathway depending on cellular phase transition. The plant vacuole harbours a unique function that is not shared with the animal lysosome and the yeast vacuole: storage of proteins[8] This vacuolar function is fulfilled through the plant-unique vacuolar trafficking system, which comprises multiple vacuolar transport pathways involving plant-unique machinery components acquired during plant evolution[9]. Tip growth of root hairs and pollen tubes involves
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