Abstract

The Torah prescribes worship of God through the sacrificial cult. So prayers that appear in the biblical literature and most of the apocryphal writings are only recited by individuals, in public on specific occasions, or as popular and other accompaniments to the sacrificial cult. The Qumran community, critical of the Second Temple sacrificial cult as polluted, or performed according to an erroneous calendar, replaced the sacrificial cult by prayer recited at the fixed sanctified times. Given the similarities between these Qumranic texts and the institutionalized rabbinic liturgy that replaced the sacrificial cult after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, it has been suggested that such a liturgical tradition existed in Israel generally in the Second Temple period and that the Qumran evidence is related to it. Research on this issue by Israeli scholars is surveyed in this chapter. Keywords:Biblical; Israeli; Liturgical Texts; Qumran; sacrificial cult; second temple period; Torah; worship of God

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