The Limit Load and Safety Assessment of Pressure Pipe With an External Pit Defect at High Temperature

Abstract

Local pit is the common volume defect in high temperature pressure pipe which is widely used in the fields of electric plant, nuclear power station, petrochemical plant and so on. In this paper finite element analysis code ABAQUS was used to simulate limit load of high temperature pressure pipe with an external pit defect which is in service for 105 hours. Four-point bending loading model was applied to calculate the limit load of the pipe. There are three dimensionless factors: relative depth, relative gradient and relative length which characterized the shape of an external pit defect. Orthogonal test of three factors at four different levels was carried out to analyze the sequence of the influence of these three parameters. In present paper when the maximum principal strain reaches 2%, the corresponding load is selected as the limit load. According to this strain criterion and isochronous stress strain data of P91 steel, limit load of high temperature pressure pipe with an external pit was determined by using ABAQUS. Firstly, isochronous stress strain data was generated and was inputted into ABAQUS as equivalent elastic-plastic constitutive relation. Then, sustained load versus cumulative strain curves at high temperature during service was obtained after the simulation. At last, limit loads of high temperature pipe during service time was determined based on 2% total strain criterion. In order to obtain the safety assessment curve of high temperature pipe, five types of limit loads for pressure pipe with an external pit were needed: ultimate limit bending moment, limit internal pressure, limit bending moments at the pressure of 0.25PL,0.5PL and 0.75PL individually. 16 sets of data formed 16 groups of curves which expressed the relationship between the ratio of limit pressure and the ratio of limit bending moment for defective pipe and non-defective pipe. Based on the calculation results of limit load for pipe with 16 kinds of defects, a set of limit load formulae were established through multiple nonlinear regression of relative depth, relative gradient and relative length. So the equations of limit load and safety assessment for pressure pipe with an external pit under combined loading of pressure and bending moment were obtained. The results could provide a reference for safety assessment of high temperature creep pressure pipe with local pit defect.