Abstract
Armyworm, Spodoptera litura is a destructive pest of several agricultural and horticultural crops all over the world including Pakistan. The life cycle of S. litura was checked on cage leaves under laboratory conditions during 2019. The incubation period was completed in 2-4 days with an average of 3.12 + 0.39 days. The colour of neonate larvae, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth instar was pale green, dark green, dark blue-green, dark blackish-brown and blackish brown, respectively. The average life period of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th larval instar was 3.34 + 0.32, 2.57 + 0.45, 3.49 + 0.45, 3.11 + 0.67, 3.33 + 0.87 and 2.98 ± 0.33 days, respectively. The pre-pupal and pupal periods was lasted 2-3 and 6-11 days, respectively. The female was long-lived than male. The longevity of males was 6-10 days while the female was 9-12 days. The ovipositional, pre-ovipositional and post ovipositional period was lasted 7.67 + 1.40, 1.74 + 0.51 and 1.78 + 0.45 days, respectively. The study showed that cabbage is a suitable host for pest growth and development and larvae feed vigorously to cabbage leaves.
Highlights
Armyworm, Spodoptera litura belongs to order lepidoptera and family noctuidae is a destructive pest of several agricultural and horticultural crops all over the world (Shankara et al, 2006)
The basic information like biology, morphology and life cycle of the target pest is very important before application of any strategy
Armyworm is widely distributed in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world including Pakistan. It has a wide range of host plants and high migrating power
Summary
The Life Cycle of Armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) Destructive Pest of Cabbage. Muhammad Ramzan1*, Muhammad Yasir Naseer Asghar, Muhammad Ijaz, Muhammad Abid, Muhammad Uzair Sardar, Muhammad Ammar Latif, Muhammad Hassan, Muhammad Salman Akram, Muhammad Zain Moharvi3 1-State Key Laboratory for Biology of Insect Pests and Diseases, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China 2-Department of Entomology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan 3-Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan 4-Institute of Business Management Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 5-Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamic University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. Article History Received:4/4/2021 Accepted:7/6/2021 Keywords: Cabbage, Spodoptera litura, Lepidoptera, Biology, Morphology
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