The Levels of Serum C - reactive protein and Creatine Kinase-MM in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seropositive Subjects Co-infected with &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Plasmodium falciparum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

Digban Kester

doi:10.11648/j.iji.20170502.12

Abstract

The present study was designed to determine the levels of C-reactive protein and creatine kinase-MM in Nigerian naïve (stage 2) HIV seropositive subjects co-infected with Plasmodium falciparum. A total of 204 subjects (aged between 18 and 45 years) were randomly studied. Among these were 74 naïve (stage 2) HIV seropositive subjects (confirmed by Western blot method), 70 naïve (stage 2) HIV seropositive subjects co-infected with P. falciparum (confirmed by Western blot and microscopic methods respectively) and 60 apparently healthy individuals (confirmed to be negative for Human immunodeficiency virus and P. falciparum by Western blot and microscopic methods respectively). Absolute lymphocyte counts was estimated using Sysmex® Automated Hematology Analyzer, whereas CD4+ cell count was estimated using Partec® Cyflow Counter. C-reactive protein and creatine kinase was estimated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. The creatine kinase-MM and C-reactive protein concentrations were significantly higher in HIV seropositive subjects co-infected with malaria when compared with the controls subjects (P = 0.000) respectively. Whereas the absolute lymphocyte counts and CD4+ T cell counts were significantly lower in HIV seropositive subjects co-infected with malaria when compared with the controls subjects (P = 0.000). The increased expression of C- reactive protein and creatine kinase-MM coupled with the decrease in absolute lymphocyte and CD4+ cell counts significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of HIV and P. falciparum infections.

Highlights

The levels of C-reactive proteins and creatine kinase-MM are usually elevated in response to the proinflammatory cytokines, whose expression are induced by microbial infection and skeletal muscle damage which are associated with human immunodeficiency virusand Plasmodium falciparum infections [1],[2]
Whereas the absolute lymphocyte counts and CD4+ T cell counts were significantly lower in naïve HIV seropositive subjects co-infected with malaria when compared with the controls subjects (P < 0.001) respectively
The absolute lymphocyte count and CD4+ lymphocyte count was significantly lower in the naïve HIV seropositive subjects with P. falciparum co-infections when compared with the HIV seropositive subjects without P. falciparum coinfections. These results indicate that elevated CRP and CKMM had a reciprocal relationship with absolute lymphocyte count and CD4+ lymphocyte count in naïve HIV seropositive subjects with or without P. falciparum co-infections

Summary

Introduction

The levels of C-reactive proteins and creatine kinase-MM are usually elevated in response to the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 and 6), whose expression are induced by microbial infection and skeletal muscle damage which are associated with human immunodeficiency virusand Plasmodium falciparum infections [1],[2]. There is evidence of skeletal muscle damage with increased CK-MM concentration in P. falciparum infected African children [2]. The relationship between CRP and CK-MM concentrations in naïve HIV seropositive subjects coinfected with P. falciparum is still unclear. Based on the above reason, the study was designed to determine the levels of CRP and CK-MM in Nigerian naïve HIV seropositive subjects coinfected with P. falciparum. This will add to the existing level of information on Human immunodeficiency virus and P. falciparum infections which is beneficial

Methods

Results

Conclusion