Abstract
This study aimed to identify the level of neuromuscular coordination among the hearing impaired in Jordan and to identify differences in levels of neuromuscular coordination of the hearing impaired according to the variables of health status and gender. The descriptive method was used for its suitability to the nature of the study and its objectives. The sample population consisted of 159 individuals from different schools who were asked to participate voluntarily (72 with hearing impairments and 87 healthy). To measure neuromuscular coordination, the researchers used a test that measured hand-eye coordination (the steadiness tester) made by Lafayette Instrument, model 32011. They analyzed the results of the study using standard deviation and t-tests. The results of the study showed statistically significant differences between the level of neuromuscular coordination of males and female and this was shown by the presence of statistical significance which was (p = 0.000) in the smallest hole (0.0625 inch). The results also showed that individuals with hearing impairments have superior neuromuscular coordination to healthy individuals. The study’s main findings are that neuromuscular coordination of the hearing impaired is superior to that of healthy people; and that the neuromuscular coordination of females is superior to that of males. The researchers recommended employing the skills of the hearing impaired in sports requiring neuromuscular coordination (e.g. archery, darts, and billiards) because of the superior coordination of these individuals. They also recommended that gender differences be taken into account when designing training programs that depend on coordination and focus on motor skills.
Highlights
This study aimed to identify the level of neuromuscular coordination among the hearing impaired in Jordan and to identify differences in levels of neuromuscular coordination of the hearing impaired according to the variables of health status and gender
The results showed that individuals with hearing impairments have superior neuromuscular coordination to healthy individuals
They recommended that gender differences be taken into account when designing training programs that depend on coordination and focus on motor skills
Summary
The hearing impairment is the least prevalent among other disabilities comparing with visual, mental and physical disabilities, and it can be said that the prevalence rate is 0.05% and deaf prevalence rate is about 0.075%, which means that among every 100 people there is a hearing-impaired person (Al-Azza, 2001).The neuromuscular coordination plays an important and active role in various human movements in general and gains additional importance while learning and performing sports skills in particular, where the neuromuscular coordination shows the ability of central and peripherical nervous system in operation of holding and controlling or for repression of targeted motor units which required the accuracy and timing to motor performance (Khasawneh et al, 2009).Magill (2011) identified the coordination among the multiple extremities, which is the ability to coordinate or compatibility among the movement of a group of extremities when they move at one time. The neuromuscular coordination plays an important and active role in various human movements in general and gains additional importance while learning and performing sports skills in particular, where the neuromuscular coordination shows the ability of central and peripherical nervous system in operation of holding and controlling or for repression of targeted motor units which required the accuracy and timing to motor performance (Khasawneh et al, 2009). While the compatibilities between eye and hand, eye and foot are one of the most important factors for the performance of the athlete, where there is a transmission of nerve signals between the nervous and muscular systems during the performance of individual sports movements, the neuromuscular coordination helps to perform motor skills required the vision and accuracy using either eye and hand or eye and foot. These bones are visible in females in the 51st month after birth while it is clear in the 66th month of age at birth of males
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