Abstract
ABSTRACT Chloroquine is the first line of medicine in the treatment of malaria. Besides being antimalaria, the chloroquine also can be used as the anti-inflammation in the medicine of arthritis rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus discoid. Hydroxychloroquine sulfate is 4-aminoquinolin with hydroxylated chloroquine analog, having the same pharmacokinetic as chloroquine which is given orally in hydroxychloroquine sulfate form, processed by gastrointestinal absorption and very faster kidney elimination. The effectiveness of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine towards COVID-19 in the in vitro experiment showed it could inhibit the duplication of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The chloroquine function is to stop COVID-19 infection with (EC50) 1,13 μM and (CC50) larger than 100 μM. Meanwhile, the hydroxychloroquine function is to inhibit the attachment and entry of the virus into the host’s cell by enzymatic activation which is the lysosome acidification disorder and antigen presentation as the result of pH increase. Based on the clinical study, the 10 of 12 patients who have lopinavir/ritonavir therapy by virology, the chloroquine group showed RT-PCR negative on day 7, 10, and 14 in compare to lopinavir/ritonavir that showed RT-PCR negative on day 14. On the 9th day, 60% of the patients of chloroquine group showed the CT scan of Lungs image normal instead of the lopinavir/ritonavir at 25%. In the day 14 based on the CT test result, the pulmonary improvement increased twice rather than chloroquine group (Rate Ratio 2.21). It proved that the chloroquine role showed the result of the medicine has a significant effect by cleaning the virus or other clinical matters. The purpose of this literature review is to know the effectiveness quinoline class of drugs which is chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 disease.Keywords: effectiveness, chloroquine, COVID-19Correspondence: dedydermawan555@gmail.com
Highlights
AAABBbSSsTtTrRRaAcAtCCTT Traumatic severe brain injury is a fatal injury, with a mCohrltoarliotqyuirnaeteisoftheupfirtsot l5in0e%o.fAmbeoduitcin1e.5inmtihlleiotnreaptemoepnlet eoxfpemrieanlacreias. eBveerseidbersainbeiinnjguryanitnimthalearUian,ittehde Sctahtleosr.oqTuhienree aarelsomcoarne btehaunsed50a,s00th0e daneatit-hins flaanmdm5a0ti0o,n00in0 thinecmideednitcsinoef oopodwpfecfihrcisamtaucahrrsoramsetinhhdviaeynr.ecnidrtottHierhksoneyibxnerdfryhuiearrletroisainouxtctlmey2oidancgawsjhtiucoclechroaiehydlrlkoloosisraqseroaruoqtqdfihqtuunieraueieirbnitlniateessheetuee.aalwsAnfinnaaihdbtjnlieuoosclriuguhyipt,ps.iiudO8hs4su5an-gs%vaee.iimrvncTyeogoithnnfhmeoetmrohpqmereluoaiaaicrltnsrltaoayaeotsmliliunoiitnnesoyn dheyfidnriotixvyechdlaotraoqounintehesuinlfcaitdeenfcoermo,f pdrioacbeestseesd inbsyipigdausstroinpianttieesnttisnawl iatbhsotrraputimonatiacndsevveerrye fbarsatienr iknijdunreyy oeflimInidnoantieosnia
CCCoaaVsse-e2RReep(pRoorotrtht an & Byrareddy, 2020). The his analysis, Zhao showed that angiotensinisDDYnhcuoiiuawdabbhebaeadtetiAoetnssedyiispmnePisprrnitoaposdbimdioipsuws,is2od-1ii1nnu,4cPspludraidaantiyninesagpnnusadnftawteilivSieettuhnhrresyt(pra9waa9Atui%ieimtrn)hlt,aanttigrccfgaoosaruen2vmSeArrtaeiRntbSgirc-CeansionzeVyvi-mn2e.jerueI2rnyb(AtrhCaeEin2lu)niignssjtuhoerf yrencoerpmtoarl cYo1uu)dgRhhea(s5iAd0ed%ni)tP,orfaanAbdnoebwsrteohae1ts,hiiPonlrgoagndyiafafnnicdduaIlntSyteun(r3sy3iva%eA)CiarrleapenoofgpRglaeS,2UADCDE2r
QQAANNUUNN MMEEDDIIKKAA who consumes chloroquine orally that is distributed to lungs and all over the body and have evidenceJJUoUfRRcNNliAnALiLcaKKlEEaDcDhOOieKKvTeTEmEReRnAAtNN(EFFCKK5UU0M)M6SS,9UU0RRμAAMBBAAiYnYAAVero E6 that is http://journal.um-surabaya.ac.id/index.php/qanunmedika gshaoinweeddbtyhpata1tiepneto’splpelaissmneogfartihveeuamftaetro2iddaarythsroitfistrienatthmeednot.sIet osfhdorwusgsth5a0t 0chmlogr(oWquainnge CbearsaetRedeetxippaIonle.rrd,tio2en0e2csseh0iod)aw.eseaedrjlatihuearht 1dinepvei.oepPlolaepdimsaneleangptaotfirvoaenmafktleaorsp2uisndaaiyvnsir,o/fsretirtoeoarnatmanveginrpt.trIriteasa,ht4omw5esnttathh,auat nchd,ldohriaobvqauiwningae akne Instalasi
Summary
AAABBbSSsTtTrRRaAcAtCCTT Traumatic severe brain injury is a fatal injury, with a mCohrltoarliotqyuirnaeteisoftheupfirtsot l5in0e%o.fAmbeoduitcin1e.5inmtihlleiotnreaptemoepnlet eoxfpemrieanlacreias. eBveerseidbersainbeiinnjguryanitnimthalearUian,ittehde Sctahtleosr.oqTuhienree aarelsomcoarne btehaunsed50a,s00th0e daneatit-hins flaanmdm5a0ti0o,n00in0 thinecmideednitcsinoef oopodwpfecfihrcisamtaucahrrsoramsetinhhdviaeynr.ecnidrtottHierhksoneyibxnerdfryhuiearrletroisainouxtctlmey2oidancgawsjhtiucoclechroaiehydlrlkoloosisraqseroaruoqtqdfihqtuunieraueieirbnitlniateessheetuee.aalwsAnfinnaaihdbtjnlieuoosclriuguhyipt,ps.iiudO8hs4su5an-gs%vaee.iimrvncTyeogoithnnfhmeoetmrohpqmereluoaiaaicrltnsrltaoayaeotsmliliunoiitnnesoyn dheyfidnriotixvyechdlaotraoqounintehesuinlfcaitdeenfcoermo,f pdrioacbeestseesd inbsyipigdausstroinpianttieesnttisnawl iatbhsotrraputimonatiacndsevveerrye fbarsatienr iknijdunreyy oeflimInidnoantieosnia. TInhethrefdoarey, in14thbeacseadseoonfthbeeiCngThteasntdrleesdulitm, tphreoppeurllmy,ointacraynimbrpinrogvdeematehn.t increased twice rather than chloroquine group The result of the study on the hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combination use showed a Cedera otak berat traummaattiiss aaddaallaahh cceedddeeerracarfefaaattsaaell, idnenvngigraannl tltioinnaggdkkoaatft kk8ee3mm%aattaiianandnhh9i3inn%ggggaian55t00e%%st.sSwekitihtanre1g,5- 1 153 use phosphate chloroquine tablet by dosage 500mg per oral twice or in 10 days
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