Abstract
The modern development of social relations and reproductive technologies has brought new questions and actualized interest in the situation of plurality on the father’s side. The problem that needs to be resolved is the search for a balance of interests of interested persons with a discrepancy between biological and legal paternity, taking into account the rights of the child, the search for an optimal solution. A European researcher focused on the ideal family model drew attention to the fact that it often does not correspond to social reality, which creates problems and does not always serve the interests of the child. The extension of the rights of the biological father is also considered in the context of legal protection of the sense of quality of life. The purpose of this work is to identify and study the rights of the biological father, to find a balance of interests and rights in the relations developing in the family sphere. The authors identified the interests of the parties, determined the objective rights of interested persons, determined the limits of the exercise of the rights of the biological father to establish paternity in the absence of a registered marriage with the mother of the child. Conclusions are drawn about the trends in the development of legal regulation, the need to maintain a balance of interests of persons in modern real relationships, taking into account the interests and rights of the child. It is noted that the identified problems are characteristic of different states; legal regulation based on a single presumption in different states has differences in the details and variants of behaviors established by the legislator. The conclusions drawn can be used as a basis for the development of concepts of fatherhood, proposals for the development of legislation regarding the exercise of personal rights of fathers and children, taking into account the balance of rights and interests of individuals.
Highlights
Современные государства — социально ориентированные, а значит, приоритетом для них является благополучие граждан, охрана и защита прав граждан
The problem that needs to be resolved is the search for a balance of interests of interested persons with a discrepancy between biological and legal paternity, taking into account the rights of the child, the search for an optimal solution
The purpose of this work is to identify and study the rights of the biological father, to find a balance of interests and rights in the relations developing in the family sphere
Summary
Проект федерального закона No 27698-7 «О внесении изменений в статью 48 Семейного кодекса Российской Федерации и статью 17 Федерального закона “Об актах гражданского состояния”» (в части установления отцовства ребенка в случае, если бывший супруг матери отцом ребенка не является), ется на период 300 дней[34] с момента смерти[35]. Свое отцовство мужчина не может оспорить и в том случае, если на момент дачи согласия (как в период беременности женщины, так и после рождения ребенка) ему было известно, что он фактически не является отцом ребенка Это правило отличает законодательство Швейцарии от польского, немецкого и российского, где мать ребенка имеет право на оспаривание отцовства своего супруга. Который полагает, что является биологическим отцом ребенка, как в Швейцарии, так и в Польше рассматривается в качестве третьей стороны и не имеет права самостоятельно оспаривать презюмируемое отцовство[47]. 49 До 30 апреля 2004 г. законодательство Германии не давало биологическому отцу возможности оспаривать отцовство
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