Abstract
As early as 1959 the Ad hoc Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space observed in its report (A/4141) that the provisions of the U.N. Charter and the Statute of the International Court of Justice “as a matter of principle... were not limited in their operation to the confines of the earth.” 1 In General Assembly Resolution 1721 (XVI) of December 20, 1961, the principle was stated explicitly for the first time that “international law, including the Charter of the United Nations, applies to outer space and celestial bodies.”2 The Declaration of Legal Principles (General Assembly Resolution 1962 (XVIII) of December 13, 1963) provided that “outer space and celestial bodies are free for exploration and use by all States on a basis of equality in accordance with international law”3 and further that “the activities of States in the exploration and use of outer space shall be carried on in accordance with international law, including the Charter of the United Nations, in the interest of maintaining international peace and security and promoting international cooperation and understanding.” 4
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