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Abstract
High-accuracy peat maps are essential for peatland restoration management, but costly, labor-intensive, and require an extensive amount of peat drilling data. This study offers a new method to create an accurate peat depth map while reducing field drilling data up to 75%. Ordinary least square (OLS) adjustments were used to estimate the elevation of the mineral soil surface based on the surrounding soil parameters. Orthophoto and Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) from LiDAR data of Tebing Tinggi Island, Riau, were used to determine morphology, topography, and spatial position parameters to define the DTM and its coefficients. Peat depth prediction models involving 100%, 50%, and 25% of the field points were developed using the OLS computations, and compared against the field survey data. Raster operations in a GIS were used in processing the DTM, to produce peat depth estimations. The results show that the soil map produced from OLS provided peat depth estimations with no significant difference from the field depth data at a mean absolute error of ±1 meter. The use of LiDAR data and the OLS method provides a cost-effective methodology for estimating peat depth and mapping for the purpose of supporting peat restoration.
Highlights
Peatland degradation threatened the sustainability of tropical peatland ecosystems
The ordinary least squares adjustment method was used in the estimation equation by involving certain covariates
The covariates used as parameters include depressionless Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), geological condition, slope position index, landform, valley depth, and vertical distance to channels, topographic positional index, topographic wetness index, and distance to the nearest river
Summary
Peatland degradation threatened the sustainability of tropical peatland ecosystems. It is caused by simultaneous or sporadic events of deforestation [1], groundwater table decline [2,3], peatland drought [4] and subsequent wildfires [1,5,6], carbon emissions, and peat subsidence [4,7,8]. Peat depth probe data is used as a determinant of the shape of bedrock basins within peatland areas [13,14] Another method used to characterize bedrock is to use a geophysical (radiometric) method that include both airborne and ground-based geophysical systems. The use of this method in estimating peat depth has never been applied directly Modeling using this OLS method involves some parameters that can be used to obtain better prediction results. DEM) [14] or The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Surface Model (SRTM DSM) [18,24,27] These DEMs are usually derived into a DTM by reducing the elevation based on the type of land coverRienmooterSdenesr. Aerial orthophoto and DTM data were acquired by BRG in 2017
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