The Learning Curve of Robotic Thyroid Surgery and the Avoidance of Temporary Hypoparathyroidism after Total Thyroidectomy and Concomitant Central Compartment Node Dissection: A Single Surgeon’s Experience

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the learning curve of robotic thyroid surgery with regard to both operation time and temporary hypoparathyroidism using quantitative statistical analysis. A total of 194 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and concomitant central compartment node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma by a single surgeon between December 2008 and September 2017 were enrolled. The learning curve for operation time was assessed using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) technique, and the number of procedures required to reduce the incidence of temporary hypoparathyroidism to less than 30% was determined using the CUSUM and risk-adjusted CUSUM (RA-CUSUM) techniques. The learning curve for operation time was divided into three phases: phase 1 (the initial learning period, 1st–19th cases), phase 2 (the challenging period, 20th–121st cases), and phase 3 (the competent phase, 122nd–194th cases). To reduce the incidence of temporary hypoparathyroidism to <30% required 119 cases, and after adjustment for potential risk factors by RA-CUSUM analysis this extended to 173 cases. Technical proficiency for robotic thyroid surgery with respect to the avoidance of surgical complications probably requires a longer learning period than that required for operation time.